Typically, a second mortgage is defined as a secured loan that is subordinate to a first mortgage on the same property. The borrower can generally use the proceeds from a second mortgage for any purpose. Currently, a popular use of second mortgages is to pay off high-interest consumer debt, such as credit cards and car loans. Other common uses are for home improvements, college tuition, or to take a vacation. Second mortgages can even be used to secure lines of credit for future needs.
In the past, the total amount of debt from a first and second mortgage combined could not be more than 80% of the home’s appraised value. Recently however, low interest rates and a hyper-competitive marketplace created a lending environment where some lenders were approving second mortgages that, when combined with the first mortgage balance, totaled as high as 125% of the home’s appraised value.
Most financial advisors will warn you that carrying that much debt on your home is never a good idea. In my practice, I never recommend borrowing more than 100% of the value of your home and would rarely recommend a second mortgage with a loan to value of greater than 90%.
Because a second mortgage is a property lien that is placed behind the first mortgage, this means that in the event of a default, after the property is sold the first mortgage gets paid first, including any legal costs and other costs of the sale, before the second mortgage can be paid. If there is not enough money from the sale of the home, the second mortgage does not get paid.
A Higher Interest Rate
The interest rate that a lender is willing to loan money out at for a home mortgage is dependent on the risk level to him. For this reason that a high risk borrower with a poor credit history will always be charged a higher interest rate than a low risk borrower with a strong credit history.
This theory also holds true for a second mortgage. Because a second mortgage lender is (by definition) second in position to be paid off in the event of a default, and because there is a greater chance that in default there may not be enough equity in the home to pay off the second mortgage in full, second mortgages are almost always given at a higher interest rate regardless of who the borrower is.
Second Mortgage Terms
Even though you may be offered several options for terms for your second mortgage, the terms offered will most likely be shorter than those of a first mortgage. This is primarily due to the fact that the amount of the second mortgage is generally much lower than that of the first mortgage.
Second mortgage repayment terms can vary considerably, so it is important that you look around for the one that is best for you. For the most part they range in length from 5 to 20 years, with the majority of second mortgage loans being 10 to 15 years. A select number of lenders will offer a 30 year amortization and some of them will balloon (set a maturity date) of 15 years. This loan is called a 30 due in 15. Generally, just like first mortgages, the longer the maturity, the higher the interest rates. Also, just like first mortgages, the higher the credit score (FICO) the lower the interest rate.
Types of Second Mortgages
Just as the length of the second mortgage can vary, so can other repayment terms. However, the majority of second mortgages are paid back in equal monthly payments with a portion of the payment going to interest and a portion to the principal balance, just like a first mortgage.
The two most common types of second mortgages are the fixed rate and HELOC (home equity line of credit). The fixed rate mortgage is a standard offering. The HELOC is a little unique and has been very popular. This loan type typically calls for interest only payments for the first 5 to 10 years and then the line of credit is frozen at the outstanding balance of the loan. At that point, the loan payments are recast and a standard principal and interest payment is established for the remaining 10 to 20 years. HELOC’s are typically priced with a variable interest rate.
Pricing on the HELOC’s is like other loan pricing; the lower the FICO score and the higher the loan to value, the higher the interest rate.
When considering a second mortgage, do your homework and shop around to ensure that you get the best deal for you!